I edited /etc/default/grub and changed the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

Then ran sudo update-grub and rebooted.

Ramdisk messages display like this during boot:

But the boot messages display correctly:

If I go into "recovery mode", Ramdisk boot messages display correctly.
Is there a setting I am missing? I did not have this problem when I was
running Ubuntu 18.04.6.

As requested, Here is my CPU info:

inxi -C

CPU:
  Topology: Dual Core model: Intel Celeron N3050 bits: 64 type: MCP 
  L2 cache: 1024 KiB 
  Speed: 547 MHz min/max: 480/2160 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 538 2: 480 

>Solution :

You will likely need to add the name of your video driver module to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:

0. Edit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules with sudo:

   sudo {editor of choice} /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
   

   ^{Note: Be sure to replace {editor of choice} with your editor of choice.}

1. Add the name of your video driver module to the end of the file. Here is a short list outlining the most common values:

   Name	Graphics Adapter
   amdgpu	for modern AMD-based systems (use radeon if you have something from before 2010 or need the legacy ATI driver)
   i915	for Intel graphics
   nouveau	for the open-source Nouveau driver
   mgag200	for the old-school Matrox graphics
   nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm	for Nvidia … because why have one option when you can have four? 🤪

2. Save the file and exit

3. Update initramfs:

   sudo update-initramfs -u
   

4. Reboot

This will give you everything you need.

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Note for people using full disk encryption:

If you’ve also removed quiet from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT, you will have a very 90’s era experience when unlocking the volume. The nice password screen is replaced with a simple text-based "Enter password" after some of the preliminary boot messages are displayed.