TypeError in Python: "init() got an unexpected keyword argument 'fov'" when creating an instance of a Camera class

I’m working on a 3D rendering application in Python and encountered an issue when trying to create an instance of the Camera class. The error message I’m getting is:

TypeError: Camera.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'fov'

Here’s the relevant code snippet:

class Scene():
    def __init__(self, ambient_color = vec3(0.01, 0.01, 0.01), n = vec3(1.0,1.0,1.0)) :
        # n = index of refraction (by default index of refraction of air n = 1.)
        self.scene_primitives = []
        self.collider_list = []
        self.shadowed_collider_list = []
        self.Light_list = []
        self.importance_sampled_list = []
        self.ambient_color = ambient_color
        self.n = n
        self.importance_sampled_list = []
    def add_Camera(self, look_from, look_at, **kwargs):
        self.camera = Camera(look_from, look_at, up_vector=vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), fov=60.0, aspect_ratio=16.0 / 9.0, **kwargs)
class Camera():
    def __init__(self, look_from, look_at,up_vector,fov, aspect_ratio, screen_width = 400 ,screen_height = 300,  field_of_view = 90., aperture = 0., focal_distance = 1.):
        self.fov = fov
        self.aspect_ratio = aspect_ratio
        self.up_vector = up_vector
        self.screen_width = screen_width
        self.screen_height = screen_height
        self.aspect_ratio = float(screen_width) / screen_height
        self.look_from = look_from
        self.look_at = look_at
        self.camera_width = np.tan(field_of_view * np.pi/180   /2.)*2.
        self.camera_height = self.camera_width/self.aspect_ratio
        self.cameraFwd = (look_at - look_from).normalize()
        self.cameraRight = (self.cameraFwd.cross(vec3(0.,1.,0.))).normalize()
        self.cameraUp = self.cameraRight.cross(self.cameraFwd)
        self.lens_radius =  aperture / 2.
        self.focal_distance = focal_distance
        self.x = np.linspace(-self.camera_width/2., self.camera_width/2., self.screen_width)
        self.y = np.linspace(self.camera_height/2., -self.camera_height/2., self.screen_height)
        xx,yy = np.meshgrid(self.x,self.y)
        self.x = xx.flatten()
        self.y = yy.flatten()
My_Scene.add_Camera(look_from = vec3(0*np.sin(angle), 0, 0*np.cos(angle)  -1.5 ),look_at = vec3(0, 0, 0),fov=60.0,aspect_ratio=16.0 / 9.0,up_vector=vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),screen_width = 300 ,screen_height = 300)

>Solution :

I get a different error:

TypeError: main.Camera() got multiple values for keyword argument ‘fov’

The problem is that you have fov=60.0 in the arguments to Camera(), but it’s also in kwargs because you have it in the arguments to My_Scene.add_Camera().

Merge your default argument values with the ones that are passed in kwargs.

    def add_Camera(self, look_from, look_at, **kwargs):
        defaults = {'up_vector': vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), 'fov': 60.0, 'aspect_ratio': 16.0/9.0}
        defaults.update(kwargs)
        self.camera = Camera(look_from, look_at, **defaults)