Concat row values if they match?

I have a table:

What I’m trying to achieve:

I’m not sure how to approach this or is there a function that would deal with this? I need at least a suggestion to get started.

EDIT – I updated the table slighty. As ofcourse I don’t want to aggregate the entire table into 1 row, hopefully the tables show what I’m trying to say more clearly.

>Solution :

Option 1:

If you want to find chains of successive rows with where the start of the string matches the next string then you can use a hierarchical function and collate the rows using SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH:

SELECT CONNECT_BY_ROOT id AS id,
       SUBSTR(
         SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Text, ', '),
         3
       ) AS Text
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF = 1
START WITH
       id IN (SELECT id
              FROM   table_name
              WHERE  CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF = 1
              AND    LEVEL = 1
              CONNECT BY NOCYCLE
                     PRIOR text LIKE text || '%'
             )
CONNECT BY NOCYCLE
       text LIKE PRIOR text || '%';

Which, for the sample data:

CREATE TABLE table_name (ID, Text) AS
SELECT 1, 'A1 Text - words' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'A1 Text - wordsa' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 'B1 Sentence - sentence' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 4, 'B1 Sentence - sentence b' FROM DUAL;

Outputs:

ID	TEXT
1	A1 Text – words, A1 Text – wordsa
3	B1 Sentence – sentence, B1 Sentence – sentence b

Option 2:

From Oracle 12, if you want to find the first string and then all the strings that also start with that first string then you can use MATCH_RECOGNIZE:

SELECT MIN(first_id) AS id,
       LISTAGG(text, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY text) AS text
FROM   table_name
MATCH_RECOGNIZE(
  ORDER BY text
  MEASURES
    FIRST(id) AS first_id,
    MATCH_NUMBER() AS mno
  ALL ROWS PER MATCH
  PATTERN (matches+)
  DEFINE matches AS (text LIKE FIRST(text) || '%')
)
GROUP BY mno

Which, for the sample data, gives the same output (but may give a different output if there was more data as Option 1 is finding individual paths through the hierarchy and Option 2 is finding all children that match an ancestor).

In earlier versions, you should get the equivalent result using:

SELECT root_id AS id,
       LISTAGG(text, ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ROWNUM) AS text
FROM   (
  SELECT DISTINCT
         CONNECT_BY_ROOT id AS root_id,
         id,
         text
  FROM   table_name
  START WITH
         id IN (SELECT id
                FROM   table_name
                WHERE  CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF = 1
                AND    LEVEL = 1
                CONNECT BY NOCYCLE
                       PRIOR text LIKE text || '%'
               )
  CONNECT BY NOCYCLE
         text LIKE PRIOR text || '%'
  ORDER SIBLINGS BY text
)
GROUP BY root_id

db<>fiddle here