How to do error handling more effectively in PHP with OOP?

i’m trying to build my own restAPI so i have to response some http errors if there should be. I created a class called Response and i can use the properties in different php files in try catch method and i can response the errors. But while i am doing that, i always create a response object and use the properties that i need from response class. Here is a little example of that :

if(array_key_exists("newsid",$_GET)){

    $news_id = $_GET['newsid'];

    if($news_id == '' || !is_numeric($news_id)){

        $response = new Response();
        $response->setHttpStatusCode(400);
        $response->setSuccess(false);
        $response->addMessage("Haber id'si boş olamaz veya sayı olmalı!");
        $response->send();
        exit;
    }

    if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'GET'){
    //Gets a Single News
        try{
            $stmt = $readDB->prepare("SELECT id,title,details,poster_link FROM tb_news WHERE id = :id"); //syntax for prepared statements and PDO.
            $stmt->bindParam(':id',$news_id,PDO::PARAM_INT);
            $stmt->execute();
            $rowCount = $stmt->rowCount();

            if($rowCount === 0){
                //Set up response for unsuccessful return
                $response = new Response();
                $response->setHttpStatusCode(404);
                $response->setSuccess(false);
                $response->addMessage("Haber Bulunamadı");
                $response->send();
                exit;
            }

As you see here, every time i control some condition, i create a response object and using the properties one by one and send the response. So how can i do it more effectively in my case? Can you give me some examples on that because i’m new to programming i can think about the logic but i can’t mirror in my codes. I’m looking forward to hear your advices.

>Solution :

Exceptions are used exactly for that.

First, create a custom exception,

class HttpException extends RuntimeException {}

Then change your code to

if($news_id == '' || !is_numeric($news_id)){
    throw new HttpException("Haber id'si boş olamaz veya sayı olmalı!", 400);
}

Then write an Exception handler (as you need one anyway) and add a condition in the processing results

$response = new Response();
$response->setSuccess(false);
if ($e instanceof HttpException) {
    $response->setHttpStatusCode($e->getCode());
    $response->addMessage($e->getMessage());
} else { // a default error handler
    error_log($e);
    $response->setHttpStatusCode(500);
    $response->addMessage("Server error");
}
$response->send();
exit;