New to C++, created something that outputs seemingly infinite numbers. Could someone explain why?

I am new to C++, and wanted to test my knowledge in while loops, I use MS Visual Studios 2019, and created this code

int main() {
    int i = 12;
    while (i > 10) {
        cout << i;
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

When I run this, I am met with a seemingly infinite line of numbers that continues to run. I tried using this on w3schools IDE and it prints out a long string. I am aware ints are up to 2,147,483,647 yet it doesnt end there, or even have it in there. Could someone explain to me what happened?

>Solution :

It may look like a seemingly infinite number of numbers will be printed, but the program has undefined behavior due to signed integer overflow:

int main() {
    int i = 12;
    while (i > 10) {
        cout << i;
        i++;         // will eventually be INT_MAX + 1 and UB
     }
     return 0;
}

Since the program will eventually overflow i, the behavior of the whole program is undefined.

On many platforms, the loop will go on and eventually i will go from INT_MAX to INT_MIN and then will the loop end (because INT_MIN is not > 10) – but, it’s undefined. Don’t allow your program to cause signed integer overflows.