Using with … as statements vs simply declaring variables

I just started learning python via Jupyter.

What’s the difference between code 1 and code 2?

1. Using with:

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   with open('myfile.txt') as new_file:
       contents = new_file.read()
   

2. Without using with:

   new_file = open('myfile.txt')
   contents = new_file.read()
   

Can I use code 2 always? It’s more straightforward than code 1.

>Solution :

In the first case you’re using what’s called a context manager – i.e. when the with block is finished, the file will also be closed afterwards (since it’s no longer needed after the with block has finished executing).

This means that the two pieces of code doesn’t do the same – instead, you’d have to also remember to close the file after reading it in the latter case:

new_file = open('myfile.txt')
contents = new_file.read()
new_file.close()

In addition, an exception might happen which the code that wraps your code uses, so in that case you have to make sure to close it even if an exception occurs:

new_file = open('myfile.txt')

try:
    contents = new_file.read()
finally:
    new_file.close()

And instead of doing this manually, you can let Python handle it automagically by you as the file handle itself can be context manager:

with open('myfile.txt') as new_file:
    contents = new_file.read()

No more manually thinking about when to close the file and how to handle any potential alternative flows.